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Dogs become infected with parvovirus through contact with the stool of an infected dog or a contaminated environment. The virus is very hardy and remains infective in the environment for a long time. Puppies are most susceptible to parvovirus infection.
Parvovirus causes severe and often bloody vomiting and diarrhea. Infected animals rapidly dehydrate, and severe cases can progress to shock and death. Occasionally parvovirus attacks the heart muscle of puppies, and can cause sudden death.
Vaccination for parvovirus is effective but must be done properly with boosters every three weeks until the puppy is 18-20 weeks old. All dogs should be vaccinated annually.
Parvovirus is treatable and success is expected in most cases. Treatment involves intravenous fluids to rehydrate and nourish the sick dog. Additional treatment includes prevention of secondary bacterial infection and drugs to control the vomiting and diarrhea. Treatment can be prolonged and costly.
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